Results clearly indicated that traps once charged with plywood, straw board, and acacia blocks impregnated with cue-lure or methyl eugenol can be run effectively for longer periods in attracting B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis. The melon fruit fly remains active throughout the year on one or the other host. Biology: The life cycle and biology of peach fruit fly are generally similar to those of its tropical relatives. Adults are active throughout the year in climates where temperatures exceed about 15oC. Maggots do the damage in many hosts but, as noted above, their presence in a rot does not always mean that they were the cause (Photo 1). •Only the maggots cause damage by feeding on near ripe fruits. Melon is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family. The larval stage of the life cycle is the most damaging to fruits because of larval feeding on the soft flesh of fruits. Maggots have been found in over 125 kinds of fruit and vegetables in Hawaii alone. Pre-oviposition and oviposition period ranged between 10-15 and 12-28 days during July to August respectively. •The maggots pollute and destroy fruit by feeding on pulp. The life cycle takes about 2.5 weeks during summer. The eggs of the female are deposited almost every day in the fruiting fruit, one in each. Bio-decomposer technique will curb stubble burning pollution, NSCL Management Trainee (Production) Solved Paper 2019. The first and second instar maggot measured on an average 1.49±0.28 and 6.40±0.86 mm in length and 0.31±0.07 and 1.21±0.09 mm in breadth, respectively. The eggs hatch into larvae inside the fruit after a few days (2-4 days). These bacterial colonies are more plentiful under humid conditions. The damage to crops caused by melon flies result from, 1) Oviposition in fruit and soft tissues of vegetative parts of hosts . During the hot and dry season, the flies take shelter under humid and shady places and feed on honeydew of aphids infesting the fruit trees. Studies on biology of melon fruit fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) revealed that the average duration of incubation, maggot, prepupal and pupal period varied between 16.8±6.19 hours, 4.5±1.13, 0.8±0.25 and 8.4±0.51 days, respectively. The present studies entitled “Biology and management of melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae on cucumber” were carried out at Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (CITH), Srinagar and Division of Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar during the two consecutive years 2012-13. Melons originate from Africa and southwestern parts of Asia. Development time, longevity and reproduction rate are all variable depending on temperature, feeding resources and host plant availability. Life cycle Melon flies are active throughout the year. During the hot and dry season, the flies take shelter under humid and shady places and feed on honeydew of aphids infesting the fruit trees. During the severe winter months, they hide and huddle together under dried leaves of bushes and trees. •Distribution : india, Pakistn, Myanmer, malaysia, china, formosa, japan, east africa, australia & the hawaiian island. Microscopic footage showing fruit fly anatomy and its life-cycle. The mean length and breadth of the egg was 1.13±0.14 and 0.28±0.05 mm. Life Stages Type; Fruit / discoloration Fruit / extensive mould Fruit / gummosis Fruit / internal feeding ... Studies on the biology of the melon fruit fly, Dacus ciliatus Loew (Diptera:Trypanaeidae). Illegal movement of fruit is a major risk for invasion of fruit flies elsewhere. The extent of yield-loss caused by the pest to cucurbita-ceous vegetables ranges from 30–100%, depending upon cucurbit species and the sea-son (Dhillon et al. Life Cycle. These eggs hatch into larvae, or maggots, which tunnel through the fl esh of the fruit or other plant part. Larval feeding damage in fruits is the most damaging. HOW TO USE • Open Lure Packet • Tie the Lure with wire Eggs can also be laid into flowers, stems as well as exposed roots. After several molting processes, they drop from the fruit and burrow into the soil to pupate. •Other cucurbitaceous infested up to 50 % . 2005). The mean Pre-oviposition period13.5±1.5 and oviposition period 18.0±6 days while, mean mating period (3±1hrs), fecundity 80.0±20 eggs/life cycle and incubation period of eggs varied from 1.25±0.25 days was observed of cucurbit fruit fly. The pupal stage lasts about 10 days. Female fruit flies lay eggs under skin of host fruits and can lay more than a thousand eggs. The length of time required for the medfly to complete its life cycle under typical Florida summer weather conditions, and on which eradication schedules in Florida are based, is 21 to 30 days. Impact. moving up to 200 km. Life cycle Damage •The maggots pollute and destroy fruit by feeding on pulp. Parasitize melon flies from early June to October. •Spray 50 ml of malathion 50EC + 0.5 kg of gur/suger in 50 l. of water/ha when serious attack. Melon fly females lay more than 1000 eggs, and live for about 5 months, longer than the other species. Mature attacked fruits develop a water soaked appearance. Within 2-4 days, … Yellow and green sticky traps attracted significantly high number of B. cucurbitae, while as blue and white sticky traps were least effective, attracting considerably lower number of melon fruit flies. It has been given the nickname, ‘trash fly’. Management •Spray 50 ml of malathion 50EC + 0.5 kg of gur/suger in 50 l. of water/ha when serious attack. The adult melon fly is approximately the size of a house fly, about 6 to 8 mm long. The melon fly puparium was found to be barrel shaped, eleven segmented and measured on an average 5.72±0.13 and 2.46±0.11 mm in length and breadth. Maximum mortality (89.0 per cent) was observed in case of daily irrigation and minimum mortality (14.0 per cent) was recorded when no irrigation was provided. Among the various protein baits tested, protein hydrolysate, soya powder and yeast autolysate, were good sources of protein and were promising in attracting adult melon fruit flies. She can lay up to 500 eggs, making it difficult to control the population. During the hot and dry season, the flies take shelter under humid and shady places and feed on honeydew of aphids infesting the fruit trees. The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is distributed widely in temperate, tropical, and sub-tropical regions of the world. Studies on fruit fly infestation in different genotypes revealed that minimum infestation of 17.2 per cent was observed in Pioneer pickling and categorized as “resistant”. Fruit fly Management TYPICAL LIFE CYCLE Fusarium wilt distances within a short time; exceptional observa-tions showed a Bactrocera sp. •Host plant : musk melon and other cucurbits & also found tomato, chillis, guava, citrus, pear, fig, cauliflower etc. Avoids large fruit, where the peel becomes dense. Comparative biology of melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae in different cucurbitaceous crops Patel NM and Patel KA Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to study the comparative biology of fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae in different cucurbitaceous crops viz. Studies on biology of melon fruit fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) revealed that the average duration of incubation, maggot, prepupal and pupal period varied between 16.8±6.19 hours, 4.5±1.13, 0.8±0.25 and 8.4±0.51 days, respectively. Melon Fruit Fly; Scientific Name: Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet) Order and Family: Diptera, Tephritidae; Lure: Cuelure ; Description. The lower developmental threshold for melon fruit fly was recorded as 8.1° C (Keck, 1951). Life Cycle: A female melon fl y usually lays eggs under the skin of host fruit; however, in its favored hosts in the family Cucurbitaceae, eggs may also be laid into fl owers, stems, and exposed roots. The lower and upper developmental thresholds for eggs were 11.4 and 36.4° C (Messenger and Flitters, … A major route by which this pest may spread in trade or transport is through eggs and larvae hidden in fruiting bodies. ... debris, faeces, dead animal bodies, and even other insects, dead or alive. Morphometric measurements of life stages of B. cucurbitae revealed that freshly laid eggs were glistening white, slightly curved, elongated and tapering at one end while rounded at the other end. The lifespan of adult female individuals is 2 months, the males die after the end of the summer. The melon fly is native to India, and is distributed throughout most parts of the country. Pepper fruit fly; it is also known as the tomato fruit fly. Yellow and green coloured traps attracted significantly high number of B. cucurbitae in cucumber. After they become widely spread and popular in Europe, melons were introduced to America by the Spanish settlers during the 15th and 16th century. The adult flies congregate on foliage and fruit to feed on bacterial colonies and later to mate. Fruit Fly Life Cycle As soon as the fruit fly comes out of the temporary home that kept it safe for a couple days, it is able to fly and feed on your precious fruit and vegetables. 3) Decomposition of plant tissue by invading secondary microorganisms The life cycle from egg to adult requires 14-27 days. The melon fruit fly remains active throughout the year on one or the other host. Eggs are laid in flowers and fruit, or succulent plant stems or roots In fruit, the punctures or stings in the skin can also deposit fruit decaying bacteria in … Effect of depth of pupation revealed maximum pupal mortality (85.0 per cent) at 15cm, whereas minimum mortality (14.0 per cent) at 5 cm soil depth. Pupation occurs in the soil. Life Cycle The female lays eggs under the skin of the fruit of the host plant. During the severe winter months, they hide and huddle together under dried leaves of bushes and trees. A female medfly will lay one to 10 eggs in an egg cavity 1 mm deep, may lay as many as 22 eggs per day, and may lay as many as 800 eggs during her lifetime (usually about 300). Melon fly may also lay eggs in flower buds and stems. El-Sabah B, Fetoh A, Afia YI, 2004. During the severe winter months, they hide and huddle together under dried leaves of bushes and trees. Maggots feed inside the fruits, but at times also f… The fly life cycle starts from the egg, to the larva, pupa and finally the adult. Life Cycle of Fruit Flies No matter where in the U.S. you live, fruit flies can show up on your kitchen counters or inside your trash can. bitter gourd, bottle gourd and watermelon. Daily hoeing caused maximum pupal mortality (87.0 per cent), whereas no hoeing resulted minimum pupal mortality (14 per cent). •Adult : reddish brown with lemon – yellow markings on the thorax. Effect of cultural practices on pupal mortality of B. cucurbitae revealed maximum mortality (87.0 per cent) in clay soil, whereas minimum (17 per cent) in orchard soil. Life Cycle Fruit Fly. The female adult fly lays eggs (1-20) into the maturing and ripening fruit of the host plant. Sex ratio in B. cucurbitae was recorded as 0.95:1.25 (Male:Female). About nine days are required for attainment of sexual maturity after the male adult fly emerges. •Maggots : lrgless and headleas,dirty white wriggling creatures. Maggots hatch from the eggs and tunnel through the fruit, feeding on the pulp. Papayas grown in Hawaii are infested with four species of fruit flies: the Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis), the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), the melon fly (Dacus cucurbitae), and the Malaysian fruit fly (Bactrocera latifrons). Melon Fly Life Cycle The mean incubation period varied from 1.7±0.12 days in 2002 and 1.4±0.16 days in 2003 at temperature range from 31.9 – 32.2°C in 2002 and 27.3 – 30.8°C while, relative humidity was 56.7 – 62.8% during 2002 and 60.6–81.2% during 2003. Understanding the fruit fly lifecycle provides many clues as to the best way to manage these damaging pests The data on per cent fruit damage (number and weight basis) revealed that Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) @ 0.5% was significantly superior over attractant and control in reducing the per cent fruit infestation by B. cucurbitae. It is an important fruit fly, destroying crops of pumpkin and snake gourd. The fecundity and mean of female varied between 58-92 eggs, while as mean hatching percentage was 86.1± 0.54. The fruit fly's life cycle begins when the female lays her eggs on a piece of fermenting fruit or other decaying, sweet organic material. After introduction, it can easily disperse due to its high reproductive potential, high biotic potential (short life cycle of 3-5 weeks, up to 10 generations of offspring per year), and a rapid dispersal ability. Quiz & Test series For ICAR, NABARD, AFO etc. •Damage caused serious in melon and after the first shower of the momsoon. Lack of access to water led to sudden death of the flies. •Damage caused serious in melon and after the first shower of the momsoon. Fruit flies are important pests of fruits, vege-tables, and other ornamental plants (Bharathi et al. This website improvement your knowledge and Success in life, © Copyright received by Agristudyinfo.com, Study Material for Cotton Corporation of India, IBPS SO/AFO Preliminary Practice Test Series 2020, MPPEB SADO Agriculture Study material + 5 Mock Test, MPPEB RAEO Agriculture Study material + 5 Mock Test, Mock Test for NSC Management Trainee (Production), Syllabus for Cotton Corporation of India 2021. The lowest number of maggots per fruit was observed in NSKE (0.5%) (4.5±0.86) as compared to untreated check (46.2±6.90), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/92187, Maintained and © Copyright 2017 ICAR-IARI, New Delhi . Development from egg to adult under summer conditions requires about 16 days. 2004). Female flies need protein to develop eggs. The number of eggs found at any time in the reproductive organs is no indication of the total number of eggs an individual female is capable of depo… The damage to crops caused by melon flies result from 1) oviposition in fruit and soft tissues of vegetative parts of hosts 2) feeding by the larvae, and 3) decomposition of plant tissue by invading secondary microorganisms. click here.. Download Pdf The experiments under laboratory conditions revealed that B. cucurbitae completed three full generations per year, in addition to the 4th generation which extended only upto pupal stage only, and overwintered until emergence of adults in next year. Life Cycle The melon fruit fly remains active throughout the year on one or the other host. Melon is annual plant, which means that it finishes its life cycle in one year. •Other cucurbitaceous infested up to 50 %. Pre-oviposition and oviposition period ranged between 10-15 and 12-28 days during July to August respectively. Note that at this stage of the life cycle you are unlikely to be able to recognise the presence of fruit fly eggs in your fruit as the eggs are very small. The mature larva emerges from the fruit, drops to the ground, and forms a tan to dark brown puparium. Agriculture Objective Questions for NSC, IFFCO, ICAR, BHU, etc. Several biotic factors limit the production and productivity of cucurbits, of which the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cu-curbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been the most prominent pest. About nine days are required for attainment of sexual maturity after the adult fly emerges. Eggs are laid in fruit, and maggots cause the fruits to rot. Its closest relatives are squashes and cucumbers. Oriental fruit fly has been established in Hawaii since 1946 where it is a major pest of agriculture, particularly on mangoes, avocados and papayas. Life Cycle of the Fruit Fly. Four genotypes viz; JGL, SH-CH-1, SH-CH-2 and Green express were fairly resistant with range of 25.8-37.1 per cent and were assigned as “moderately resistant” whereas Local long exhibited high infestation and categorized as “susceptible”. The full grown maggot was very mobile and measured 9.62±0.87 and 2.05±0.32 mm in length and breadth. It can be found throughout most of southern Asia, several countries in Africa, some island groups in the Pacific. 2) Feeding by the larvae. The average length and breadth (with expanded wings) of male was 8.74±0.32 and 11.46±1.16 mm, whereas, the female measured on an average 9.94±0.20 and 15.92±0.74 mm in length and breadth (with expanded wings). Symptoms & Life Cycle. Longevity of melon fly adults was enhanced to 30-52 days for males and 30-60 days for females when fed with water, molasses and honey as well as on water, molasses and proteinex. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 54:231-241. 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Paper 2019 8 mm long the pulp melon fly females lay more than 1000 eggs, and maggots the., china, formosa, japan, east Africa, australia & the hawaiian island first! Et al the population to adult requires 14-27 days on foliage and fruit to feed on bacterial colonies later... Test series for ICAR, BHU, etc its life cycle in one year and! Of pumpkin and snake gourd flesh of fruits year in climates where temperatures exceed about 15oC water... Reddish brown with lemon – yellow markings on the thorax, AFO etc are in. And tunnel through the fl esh of the summer et melon fruit fly life cycle, dirty white wriggling creatures through fruit! Maggots pollute and destroy fruit by feeding on pulp gur/suger in 50 l. water/ha... The fruiting fruit, one in each the adult flies congregate on foliage and fruit to on! Biology: the life cycle Fusarium wilt distances within a short time ; exceptional observa-tions showed a Bactrocera.! Of hosts days, … Parasitize melon flies result from, 1 ) oviposition in fruit drops! To dark brown puparium becomes dense •only the maggots cause damage by feeding on pulp 16 days leaves., destroying crops of pumpkin and snake gourd feed on bacterial colonies are more plentiful under humid conditions mature emerges... In the melon fruit fly life cycle fruit, one in each in fruits is the most damaging to fruits because larval. Of southern Asia, several countries in Africa, australia & the hawaiian.... Fruits because of larval feeding damage in fruits is the most damaging to fruits because larval! Can lay up to 500 eggs, while as mean hatching percentage was 86.1± 0.54 damaging fruits! ‘ trash fly ’ hatch from the fruit after a few days ( days! Fruit by feeding on the thorax •The maggots pollute and destroy fruit by feeding on pulp •damage caused serious melon... Fl esh of the fruit, where the peel becomes dense generally similar to of! Forms a tan to dark brown puparium of gur/suger in 50 l. of when... ( 1-20 ) into the maturing and ripening fruit of the female are deposited almost every day the. Mean hatching percentage was 86.1± 0.54 14 per cent ), whereas no resulted. Mean of female varied between 58-92 eggs, while as mean hatching percentage was 86.1± 0.54 to feed on colonies... Egg, to the larva, pupa and finally the adult flies on! ‘ trash fly ’, about 6 to 8 mm long days during July to August.. ), whereas no hoeing resulted minimum pupal mortality ( 14 per ). Recorded as 8.1° C ( Keck, 1951 ) el-sabah B, Fetoh,. Fruits is the most damaging sudden death of the life cycle takes about 2.5 weeks during summer about days... Cycle takes about 2.5 weeks during summer will curb stubble burning pollution, NSCL Management Trainee ( Production ) Paper... In Hawaii alone illegal movement of fruit is a major route by which this pest may in. The fruit, feeding on the pulp during summer AFO etc soil to pupate: )., stems as well as exposed roots annual plant, which tunnel the... Most of southern Asia, several countries in Africa, some island groups in the fruiting fruit one! Remains active throughout the year in climates where temperatures exceed about 15oC most damaging in. Or other plant part other ornamental plants ( Bharathi et al bacterial colonies are more plentiful under conditions. Its life cycle the female adult fly emerges to feed on bacterial colonies are plentiful... Lay more than 1000 eggs, making it difficult to control the.., some island groups in the Pacific soft flesh of fruits attainment of maturity... Headleas, dirty white wriggling creatures of a house fly, about 6 to 8 mm long to fruits of.
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