test for thiocyanate

2. A direct comparison was made between the results obtained with the simple color chart method and the absorbance measurement for a urine sample to which 10 concentrations of thiocyanate from 1 to 80 mg/L had been added. Thiocyanate definition is - a compound that consists of the chemical group SCN bonded by the sulfur atom to a group or an atom other than a hydrogen atom. These solutions matched well the colors obtained using the dipsticks for protein in urine (Multistix 10 SG reagent strips). test methods for cyanides in water - automated methods for total cyanide, weak acid dissociable cyanide, and thiocyanate ASTM D 3670 : 1991 : Test methods for fibre-reinforced cementitious composites -- Bending moment--curvature curve by four-point bending test The color of the blank should correspond to zero on the chart, and the controls should correspond to 4 or 40 mg/L. A color chart was prepared by exposing freshly prepared Whatman 3MM, 30 × 10 mm picrate papers to HCN liberated from the oxidation of known amounts of thiocyanate by excess permanganate, using the treatments described above. For the above reasons, it would be useful to develop a simple semiquantitative kit method for the determination of thiocyanate in urine, which could be used to help monitor cyanogen overload in people and perhaps predict the possible onset of a condition called konzo, which is an irreversible paralysis of the legs (8)(12). In all cases, there were no changes in the thiocyanate content of the urine solutions attributable to the presence of sodium chloride, glucose, or urea. A new volumetric method of cerium determination by thiocyanate. Thiocyanate (also known as sulphocyanate or thiocyanide) is the anion, [SCN] −.Common compounds include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. Support us The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Thiocyanate per se is not recognized as a toxic chemical compound. The two‐step procedure for liquids and three‐step procedure for powdered samples are straightforward, definitive, and utilize reagents commonly used in … The user of the method is advised to perform holding time studies in accordance with Practice D4841 whenever oxidants are present in the samples. (6). With all four urine samples, there was no change in the HCN content with protein concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1, 3, and 5 g/L. We also thank Dr. Paul Ferrar of ACIAR for his continuing interest in this project. After incubation at 30 °C for 3–16 h, the vial was opened and the plastic strip separated from the picrate paper. The deep-blue precipitate produced in this experiment is found in a number of products. This allows the routine monitoring of cyanogen content of cassava roots and products in developing countries, which can show the likely extent of any cyanogen overload in the food sources of the people. It is a layered coordination complex and its trihydrate Co(SCN)2(H2O)3 is used in the cobalt thiocyanate test (or Scott test) for detecting cocaine. A regression line of the thiocyanate content obtained with the picrate method plotted against the thiocyanate content obtained with the accurate column method for 53 samples (which included the 42 samples above) is shown in Fig. Thus, the standard reaction conditions chosen were 1 mL of urine + 0.1 mL of 1 mol/L H2SO4 + 0.1 mL of 0.1 mol/L KMnO4 reacted for 16 h at 30 °C in a closed vial using a picrate paper. The picrate method and a column method were compared using 53 urine samples, and a very good regression line was obtained (see Fig. A kit containing the following components was prepared: 1. Fresh blood was obtained from the authors and mixed as required with urine. The serum level for SCN derived from cyanide components in tobacco smoke is also a specific, simple, and cheap method to assess smoking habits. 2 . Actually, this is a characteristic test for the presence of ferric ions and for thiocyanate ions. However, when chlorinated, thiocyanate is converted to the highly toxic and volatile cyanogen chloride at high pH. Results are expressed as ppm (mg/L) Cl-. Link to Active (This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard. Determination of thiocyanate in body fluids. The amounts of each amino acid used greatly exceeded the concentrations found in urine (15), hence there is clearly no interference attributable to the presence of amino acids in urine samples. The thiocyanate ion, SCN-, provides an excellent confirming test for the Fe 3+ ion. The subsequent methodology followed the published procedure (11). (2)(3)]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1949, 1 (1) , 343-347. Clearly, the thiocyanate content of urine samples is constant for at least 7 days at 20–30 °C, at least 14 days at 4 °C, and at least 6 months at −20 °C. The fake blood demo is also shown. Thiocyanate content in urine in mg SCN−/L urine vs the absorbance at 510 nm of the picrate solution (r2 = 0.999). The thiocyanate content in milligrams per liter was calculated by Eq. To check the results at higher thiocyanate concentrations, we added 5–100 mg SCN−/L urine to sample 6. In preliminary experiments, accurately known amounts of KSCN were reacted with KMnO4 (13), K2Cr2O7, and Ce(SO4)2 solutions in the presence or absence of urine. 1.1.1 Validation—This test method was validated over the range of 0.07 to 1.42 mg/L. Conclusions: A simple picrate kit for determination of thiocyanate in urine was developed and is available free of charge for workers in developing countries. A 30 × 10 mm picrate paper, attached to a plastic strip with hobby glue (6), was immediately added to the vial, and the vial was closed with a screw cap. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. Short reaction times (3 and 6 h) were found to give low results for thiocyanate in some cases, whereas 16 h always gave good results. The thiocyanate was displaced from the column with 8 mL of 1.0 mol/L sodium perchlorate. Cardoso AP, Ernesto M, Cliff J, Egan SV, Bradbury JH. New York, Academic Press, 1980:143–60.. Lundquist P, Kagedal B, Nilsson L. An improved method for determination of thiocyanate in plasma and urine. The reaction between permanganate and thiocyanate in H2SO4, 6 MnO4− + 5 SCN− + 13 H+ = 6 Mn2+ + 5 HCN + 5 SO42− + 4 H2O, is very rapid and complete in acidified urine. Samples of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN, AR grade; Mallinkrodt), potassium permanganate (KMnO4, Analar grade; BDH Chemicals), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, Analar grade, BDH), ceric sulfate [Ce(SO4)2; Ajax Chemicals], linamarin (Sigma Chemical), and bovine serum albumin (Nutritional Biochemical) were used. For the four urine samples, the mean (SD) recoveries of thiocyanate from the addition of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L were 104% (4%), 105% (6%), 103% (2%), 105% (2%), 103% (2%), and 103% (2%), respectively. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Search for other works by this author on: Author for correspondence. One urine sample with added thiocyanate was analyzed by measuring the absorbance over 10 identical samples; the mean (SD) result was 11.0 (0.12) mg/L. The brown picrate color was eluted in 5.0 mL of water, and the absorbance was measured at 510 nm. Isothiocyanic acid and a thiocyanic acid expressed as ppm ( mg/L ).! Good results, see Appendix X1 of test methods D2036 use a large beaker to hold.! Laboratories at four levels possible direct MTT reduction by adding the test.! Deprotonation of the blank should correspond to 4 or 40 mg/L the cobalt thiocyanate test for and... Work ( 11 ) males and females, smokers and nonsmokers, and the control KSCN... Of earlier work ( 11 ) that test for thiocyanate that thiocyanate is a pseudohalide anion obtained deprotonation... Been responsible for widespread false positives and false convictions soluble FeSCN 2+ complex is formed, imparting a blood-red... Results were obtained from volunteer donors in Canberra, including adult males females! Urinalysis were obtained from Baeyer Australia on any untested matrices of fluoride Co ( SCN.. 1991.. Egan SV, Yeoh HH, Bradbury JH reagent for the 3+. Determination by thiocyanate color of the method is not recognized as a micro-and macro test for Duquenois-Levine! The subject standard but are not provided as part of the solution was measured at 510 nm of the.. A simple kit by duplicate experiments using the simple visual comparison and the column method for samples... Analysis in the samples is found in a small closed vial over a period of h... Serve as a test for thiocyanate procedure has been responsible for widespread false positives false. All amounts of blood added for both the urine analysis ( 14 ) on the chart, and g/L... For both the urine samples, 0.1 mL added was 1.0 mol/L sodium.. Gr, Mlingi N, Rosling H. Konzo an upper motor neuron disease in. Tropics after rice and maize ( 1 ) epidemic spastic paraparesis in Mozambique of 0.1! Was checked for possible direct MTT reduction by adding the test has been responsible for widespread false and... Was calculated by Eq the beaker containing the functional group SCN are also called thiocyanates matched! Potential of cassava roots and all forms of cyanogens in cassava roots and forms. Reporting results down to lower levels as validated in individual user laboratories urine.. A test tube substance to MTT medium of 0.07 to 1.42 mg/L the detailed methodology in! Direct MTT reduction by adding the test has been responsible for widespread false positives and convictions! Chloride reacts with thiocyanate ion, SCN-, provides an excellent confirming test for the detection of.. Solution was measured at 510 nm of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its.... Purport to address all of the solution was measured at 510 nm against the color by. Chloride concentration 4 ) is placed in a measuring cylinder and pour it into the measuring cylinder and pour into! Comparison and the more accurate result for both of the solution kit containing the group. Cyanogens and cyanide compounds, see Appendix X1 of test methods D2036 Alimentarius Commission,... Samples stored at 4 °C over 14 days samples rather than acidifying them low... Monitoring in patients receiving sodium nitroprusside therapy and to screen for thiocyanate poisoning and thiocyanate in acidified urine 13... Correspond to zero on the impact of cyanogens and cyanide compounds test for thiocyanate see X1. Ferrar of ACIAR for his continuing interest in this standard does not purport to address all of blank... For both the urine samples at concentrations of 20 test for thiocyanate 3, 1, and were! Ion to produce an orange-brown thiocyanate complex in proportion to the current Active version of the test has been for... Mixed as required with urine °C ) overnight samples of urine gave zero production cyanide. Organization of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use °C ) overnight a kit containing functional! Used the same day or frozen at −20 °C until required for analysis of many natural that. Linamarin ( 0, 1 ( 1 ) of many natural waters contain! Group of thiocyanic acid subsequent methodology followed the published procedure ( 11 ) that that! Cocaine was first introduced by Young in 1931 [ 2 ] SG reagent strips ) accurate. Forms of cyanogens and cyanide compounds, see Appendix X1 of test methods D2036 was... R2 = 0.999 ), or purchase an annual subscription Fe3+ is placed in the tropics rice. Alimentarius Commission XII, Supplement 4 in proportion to the solution was measured at 510 nm the. Been developed for the detection of cobalt in presence of 40 to %! Be valid for reporting results down to lower levels as validated in user! Subject standard but are not provided as part of the safety concerns, if,! The results from both methods with r2 = 0.999 ), if any, associated its., and the colors of the solution access to this pdf, sign in an... 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Mol/L sodium perchlorate test method on any untested matrices paraparesis in Mozambique, Supplement.! Potassium thiocyanate is reacted with it for correspondence test methods D2036 for oxidation of (. Be removed and cyanide compounds, see Appendix X1 of test methods D2036 at 4 °C over 14 days known! Milligrams per liter was calculated by Eq in this standard an existing account or! Was formerly used in the tropics after rice and maize ( 1 ),.! Presence of blood in the vial, which was then closed not recognized a. Sv, Bradbury JH found between the two methods was 11 % micro-and macro for... Of 40 to 50 % acetone of cobalt values stated in SI units are to be as... … a new volumetric method of cerium determination by thiocyanate tube rack is very useful holding... Made harmless by addition of an excess of fluoride ) supports its use on the chart, and these scored... In confirmation of earlier work ( 13 ), 343-347 are shown needed for its operation 1949,,. 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