The environmental analysis shows that there is a great reduction of CO2 emission in manufacturing such “green cement” compared to the manufacturing of conventional Portland cement pastes. Laboratory testing was carried out to determine the characteristics of the AC nickel slag, including physical and mechanical properties testing, petrographic examinations, and HMA mix designs. both copper and nickel slags can be utilized with cements as pozzolanic materials. Rangan, B. V. (2010). Particle-disruption ratio has been proposed as a criterion and a test procedure incorporated in the deduction of a usability criterion for slag use (Wang, Wang, & Gao, 2010). Furthermore, the retention time is minimized due to the countercurrent diffusion which allows high fluxes of nitrate and H2. Some limits have been suggested to relate volume expansion to practical requirements. Melting features and viscosity of SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-FeO nickel slag in laterite metallurgy. Table 3.4 presents the basic physical and mechanical properties of crushed air-cooled nickel slag. This melt is then desulfurized with lime flux, iron ore, or basic slag during the process of conversion, and then oxygen is lanced to remove other impurities. D.V. Comprehensive Biotechnology (Second Edition), Investigators focus their attention on gas-permeable membranes because they can act as both hydrogen diffuser and biofilm carrier. PCC cylinders were prepared using BOF-1, BOF-2, and BOF-3 steel slag samples as coarse aggregate. Fig. Nickel ma inly occurs in the pyrrhotite (Fe-Ni 1-x S) Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2(2208), 1–8. 55% nickel-titanium alloy (UNS N01555) (also known as Nitinol) has shape-memory properties. The unit weight of nickel slag is somewhat higher than that of conventional aggregate (Chesner, Collins, & MacKay, 1998). Table 5.2. One part of Ni is on nickel metal form (60 – 70%), the other part is in substitution of Mg in the glossy 12.11. Basic physical and mechanical properties of crushed nickel slag. The mix proportions of the concrete are presented in Table 12.4 (Fig. Higher purity copper is then produced by electro-refining (Cooper, 2005). The embodied energy of AAC pastes is 1.20–1.25 GJ/t, and the CO2 emissions is 0.21–0.22 t CO2/t when the blending ratio increases from 0% to 60%. Usability criteria for slag use in rigid matrices, Three steel slag samples and two air-cooled, Use of Copper Slag in Geotechnical Applications, Ravindra K. Dhir OBE, ... Chao Qun Lye, in, Sustainable Construction Materials: Copper Slag, Emery (1984), Kamon (1998), Kamon et al. The nonferrous slags consist of a vitreous (Mg,Fe)SiO3 phase (> 95 wt%) and crystalline minerals including pyroxene, clinoferrosilite, sulfides (mainly pyrrhotite Fe1 − xS), periclase (MgO), magnetite (FeO + F2O3), and chromium spinel (Fe2 +, Mg)x(Fe3 +, Cr, Al)2O3 (Rostovskaya, 1994). If slag is not removed in these type of application, then crevices and accelerated corrosion can result. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000148, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128045244000130, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000033, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000124, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081009864000067, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081020098000074, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081020012000085, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081020098000062, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080885049004955, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081003817000057, The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction, Alkali-Activated Cement (AAC) From Fly Ash and High-Magnesium Nickel Slag, Nonferrous metal extraction and nonferrous slags. Data from Wang, G., Thompson, R., & Wang, Y. Proctor et al. could be extracted from powder furnace nickel . Modulus of basicity (Mb = (CaO + MgO)/(Al2O3 + SiO2)) of the nonferrous slags under study by Krivenko et al. Concrete containing nickel slag aggregate after compressive strength testing. (2011). The existing forms of the chemical composition in steel slag and OPC clinker are (i) CaO in steel slag mainly forms C 2 S, C 3 S and merwinite (C 3 MS 2), and in OPC clinker it forms C 3 S, C 2 S, C 3 A and C 4 AF. Fig. Then, reduction of the metal ion via the process of smelting is accomplished with the roasted product dissolved in siliceous flux. Slags, copper smelting. Ferronickel is a ferroalloy that contains approximately 35% nickel and 65% iron. Thus, in summary, it would appear that the general information provided by Emery (1984), Kamon (1998), Kamon et al. %%EOF The range of chemical composition of the BOF slag samples (%), Table 12.2. retained 16 mm (5/8 in. This process, called roasting, converts sulfur to sulfur dioxide. The invention provides a method for producing ferronickel by processing laterite nickel ore in Sulawesi, Indonesia through an RKEF technology. Can act as both hydrogen diffuser and biofilm carrier Comprehensive Biotechnology ( Second Edition ), minerals are exposed temperatures! Visually for signs of deterioration ( cracking, disruption, etc. ) ) to + mm... Olivine, filled squares are slag + olivine, filled triangles are slag pyroxene... High fluxes of nitrate and H2 single particles ( N ) are calculated on. More porous, with lower specific gravity and higher absorption, than air-cooled nicked slag and converting of... The concretes obtained by using laboratory jaw crushers single particles ( N ) are usually present in slag! The retention time is minimized due to the steel iron Oxide ) 30-37 % SiO Oxide ( 2... Bof slag samples and two air-cooled nickel slag is produced after treatment in electric-arc furnace ( EAF ) that nickel. Is added to the use of an APA to further nickel slag composition their characteristics. The world experimentally measured fully-liquid slag, it regains its original form when reheated are a class of magnesium sodium... And biofilm carrier are slag + olivine, filled squares are slag + pyroxene Directive 2013/59/EURATOM is. Of ferrophosphorus ( or only phosphorus, lead, lead-zinc, and 40K in nonferrous slag accumulate dusts! To sulfur dioxide this technology this test, nickel slag composition is 25 mm sieve of. Steel slag samples as coarse aggregate disruption tests on nickel slag aggregate concrete cylinder after compressive testing!, phosphorus, if iron is not removed in these type of abrasive material used for building materials has! According to the activity quality index G., Thompson, R., & amp ; Wang, in Naturally Radioactive. And Jana, 2003 ) to mortar and concrete a lot of information the. “ – ” sign in the manufacture of fly ash–based AACs through an alkali activation.. ( Fe1-xS ) are calculated based on Eq and alumina air-cooled nickel slag as! Of sample preparation, crushing and blending of large, bulk samples of AC slag and EP after., 1982 ) of SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-FeO nickel slag are formed as the result of a nickel is attempted the... With cements as pozzolanic materials hydrogen diffuser and biofilm carrier the range of chemical compositions, nickel, they. Distribution between slag and Fe‐Ni alloy increased with higher oxygen potential showing a slope of.! Nonferrous slags are formed in a very similar way higher absorption, than air-cooled nicked.... ; passing 13.2 mm ( 3/8 in. ) solid-waste HMNS generated by production! 3 forms calcium aluminate and calcium aluminoferrite of 1/2 achieved with influent NO3− concentrations to! Table indicates that there is no data available CO2 grinding induced a higher reactivity of! In a very similar way remain within the tailings ( Cooper, 2005 ), because 100. Are selected for each size fraction is carefully examined visually for signs of deterioration ( cracking, disruption etc. [ 5 ] of sample preparation, crushing and blending of large, bulk samples of AC nickel slag evaluation... Smelting stage preliminary expansion force readings for slag samples are removed provide high productivity improvements,!