They are difficult to accurately predict in terms of timing, location and scale. Cleanup, rescue operations underway in Japan after severe rains kill over 200 people and strand thousands in the recent flooding and landslides in west Japan. By clicking below to submit this form, you acknowledge that the information you provide will be transferred to MailChimp for processing in accordance with their Privacy Policy and Terms. Would you like to learn more about our services? The data was used to obtain an SDR distribution through collaboration with the onshore GEONET data – this was better than results from onshore data alone which cannot resolve offshore interplate boundaries. Observing seafloor structure for earthquake monitoring Despite the uncertainty of when such an earthquake will occur, local authorities are already taking action to prepare … The report therefore proposed that if a strong earthquake hits the eastern part of the Nankai Trough, people on the west side, where there is no damage from the first earthquake… Previous geodetic studies attempting to create a mapping of the SDR have been limited by the fact that the observation network was limited to land areas and so did not capture the full picture for the seafloor. What other applications are there for the technology? He then worked at the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department of the Japan Coast Guard. For details, see our. They also plan to assess any long-term changes in crustal deformation in the regions over the course of the coming decades. Dr Yokota and his team created such a profile and compared the results of existing measurement techniques, showing that GNSS-A can be used to measure current flow paths. This effort has focused on a seafloor observation network using a combined Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS; e.g., Global Positioning System) and acoustic ranging technique. Data from several hundred to several thousand acoustic signals were combined, and the researchers then combined information about the sea surface transducer position and travel time to determine the position of the seafloor transponders. The researchers aim to continue monitoring the region in order to investigate whether the interplate SDR distributions change over time. A report was released yesterday detailing the effects should an M9 earthquake and tsunami occur in the Nankai Trough. You can change your preferences or unsubscribe by clicking the unsubscribe link in the footer of any email you receive from us, or by contacting us at audience@researchoutreach.org at any time and if you have any questions about how we handle your data, please review our privacy agreement. Thank you for expressing interest in joining our mailing list and community. Therefore, understanding the distribution of SDR in the zone is key to predicting the scale of future earthquakes and tsunamis. It is predicted that the quake will cause a massive tsunami that could devastate the extensive coastline along the Pacific Ocean, from Shizuoka to Miyazaki (throughout central to west Japan). Available at: https://researchoutreach.org/articles/new-technology-for-earthquake-prediction-nankai-trough-japan (Accessed YYYY/MM/DD). The government's Earthquake Research Committee has released estimates on the likelihood of tsunamis hitting Japan's shores in event of a major Nankai Trough temblor, whose chances of … The Nankai Trough Earthquake, predicted to occur in the Mie prefecture of Japan, serves as the case study. (2016). To be ready for a national crisis should the Nankai Trough Mega Earthquake occur, we are making every effort to promote various operations. ÑW À v ]vP } ]o Z} v }À] ]vP } ] ] v(} u ]}v It is necessary to carefully disseminate information related to the Nankai Trough Earthquake so that … Probability of … But this time, it showed the degrees of urgency for tsunami that have a high possibility of occurring. A new measurement approach But it will still not be enough. Nankai Trough quake damage to cost $2.3 trillion. In January 2019 he was appointed Lecturer at Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo (Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo). This is the first time that the government has presented tsunami probabilities. Along the Nankai Trough, huge earthquakes have occurred on a 90 to 150 year cycle, causing great damage to a wide area of west Japan. The observation system consists of a seafloor unit with multiple acoustic mirror transponders (devices for receiving and emitting an acoustic signal), and a sea surface unit with an acoustic transducer (a device for converting the acoustic signal into electric signals), a GNSS antenna-receiver and a dynamic motion sensor, to measure the attitude (tilt) of the survey vessel. It is the Nankai Trough earthquake that is said to occur there. [An interplate megathrust earthquake] is predicted in the near future along the Nankai Trough off southwestern Japan. E: audience@researchoutreach.org. 2018-07-29 9:42 pm by Yamamoto. Predicted Nankai Trough quake could cause 3-meter or higher tsunami in 10 prefs in 30 yrs, စီးပွားရေးနယ်ပယ်မှထင်ရှားမှုနှင့်ထူးခြားမှုများ, စာပေအနုပညာနယ်ပယ်မှကျော်ကြားသူများနှင့်ထင်ရှားမှုများ, Japan to incorporate carbon neutrality goal into law, CE: Hong Kong will continue to be an international city, Samut Sakhon Covid-19 cases shoot up by another 146, bringing the total number of new cases to 689, S. Korea, US need to work together in Asia but first set objectives: officials. Nature, 534(7607), 374. If time changes can be detected, the detailed state before the earthquake can be known, and this will lead to great progress. The sea surface equipment is located on a survey vessel. An earthquake instability model is formulated for recurring great earthquakes at the Nankai Trough subduction zone in southwest Japan. Further technology development is required to enable more detailed interpretation of phenomena and the interplate boundary condition, emergency observations, and observations immediately before and after an earthquake for disaster prevention. We optimized the loop kernel for velocity update and intergrid communication on a three-dimensional torus network. The team also applied this measurement technique to the study of the ocean. Therefore, they have accumulated slip deficit, and could drive shallow ruptures and tsunamis near the trench axis. This relationship was also predicted in previous observational studies. Today, with quake prediction as a science all but abandoned, the Tokai quake is being dwarfed by talk of the latest new threat — the feared Nankai Trough earthquake. Experts believe there is a 70% to 80% probability of a severe Nankai Trough earthquake within 30 years. Physical oceanographers study ocean currents and flows of water using observations and computer models. Temperature and salinity are often observed or modelled to help our understanding of the processes in the ocean. Seventy-one municipalities in 10 prefectures, including Tokyo, on the Pacific coast could be hit by tsunami at least 3 meters high within 30 years if a huge earthquake happens in the Nankai Trough (see below), according to the estimated probability of tsunami by the government’s Earthquake Research Committee. This kind of earthquake occurs when the deformation recovers after the deformation with plate’s sinking in reaches its limit. The measurements can now be taken while the vessel sails along, reducing the time taken to collect the observations from 2-4 days to 16-24 hours. A constant rate of fault slip at depth represents forcing due to relative motion of the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates. Yomiuri Shimbun writes that in areas between the Tokai and Tonankai troughs, and along Nankai Trough, magnitude-8 earthquakes occur every 100 … 2019, "New technology for earthquake prediction 1, 2). To be ready for a national crisis should the Nankai Trough Mega Earthquake occur, we are making every effort to promote various operations. Seafloor crustal deformation data along the subduction zones around Japan obtained by GNSS-A observations. Predictions suggest that the next earthquake in the region will occur in the near future, so monitoring systems are needed to interpret an interplate boundary condition and try and predict when and where this may occur. There are over 15 observation sites along the Nankai Trough: six established before the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, and others deployed subsequently in order to produce a complete picture of the SDR distribution. would be most effective for dealing with a Nankai Trough Earthquake, which may take any of a great variety of forms. The Nankai Trough subduction zone between the Philippine Sea plate and the Amur plate has been the site of many interplate megathrust earthquakes – those that occur when one tectonic plate is forced under another by slip along the point at which they converge, known as the thrust fault. Dr Yokota and his team’s data were able to reveal most previously unknown undersea regions, except for some of the areas directly adjacent to the Nankai Trough. The committee has called on municipalities to use the estimates to strengthen their disaster prevention measures, while asking individuals to utilize the estimates to prepare for their evacuation. Lying a little further south is the Nankai Trough. ccording to estimates of damages reviewed in May 2019 by the government’s Central Disaster Management Council, the number of deaths and missing persons if the quake occurs could be up to 231,000, while that of buildings destroyed or burned could be up to 2.094 million. The Nankai Trough … The GNSS-A technique combines satellite radiowave data with acoustic data measured from under the sea. The Tokai, the Tonankai and Nankai Earthquake occurred in near future are predicted as this type. The position of the GNSS antenna is also measured. The area from Shikoku to Tōkai is expected to suffer damage from a large Nankai Trough earthquake, which occurs approximately every 100 to 150 years. Although Nankai Trough Earthquakes occurred with a roughly 100 - 150 year cycle, they have various repetition intervals and source regions. Below you can select how you’d like us to interact with you and we’ll keep you updated with our latest content. It reveals the underwater structure of the currents, unlike satellite observations, which only show surface conditions. The distance between the surface acoustic transducer and each seafloor transponder is determined by acoustic ranging: i.e. Damage predictions in Mie Prefecture, if the Nankai Trough Earthquake occurs, will be approximately 9,200 deaths caused by the earthquake and 42,000 deaths caused by tsunami. The Japanese government predicts that an earthquake of immeasurable scale will strike Japan along the Nankai-Trough within the next 30 years. The Nankai earthquakes or the giant earthquakes that occur off the coast of Shikoku and Kii Peninsula are recorded frequently in the ancient documents. The areas that tsunami at least 5 meters high could reach total 29 municipalities in seven prefectures. Based on the estimates, it calculated the probability of tsunami of “at least 3 meters,” “at least 5 meters” and “at least 10 meters” hitting 352 municipalities in 24 prefectures from Fukushima to Kagoshima within 30 years. 00:01:45:18 The map zooms outwards, revealing the whole Pacific Ocean. west side of the Nankai Trough is called Nankai earthquake (Figs. Megathrust earthquakes are driven by accumulated interplate slip deficit – so historic megaquakes are thought to have occurred on an interplate boundary with a high slip deficit rate (SDR). Further analysis showed that three of the regions studied had very-low-frequency-earthquake (so-called VLFE) activity: these were the regions with low SDR values, confirming that low SDR is linked to VLFE activities. The Nankai Trough Earthquake, predicted to occur in the Mie prefecture of Japan, serves as the case study. Dr Yokota completed his PhD in the Department of Earth and Planetary Science, at University of Tokyo in 2013. The committee announced the tsunami probability calculation resulted in three phases in the order of urgency — “26% or higher” (extremely high), “6% or higher, but lower than 26%” (high) and “lower than 6%” (remain on alert). The seafloor geodetic observation network along the Nankai Trough, Sagami Trough and Japan Trench has been under construction since the 2000s. While the government estimates there is a 70 to 80 percent chance of a magnitude 8 to 9 quake occurring along the Nankai Trough within the next 30 … However, the lower SDR zones observed in between the high SDR zones could regulate earthquake dynamics, as happened in the 1944 Tonankai earthquake when an earthquake was halted in a low SDR zone. We use cookies to gather data about how you use our site. By contrast, … As a result, the areas that could be hit by tsunami that are at least 3 meters high with a possibility of 26% or higher would cover islets from Tokyo to Miyazaki Prefecture. This is thanks to constant and great technological progress. Satellite geodesy using electromagnetic waves enables the distance of the earth from the satellite to be determined precisely (onshore), but the position of the seafloor cannot be accurately determined by electromagnetic waves due to scattering and absorption of the waves by seawater. If you are happy for us to contact you in this way, please tick below. United Kingdom The Japanese government has released a new projection that nearly 10 million people will seek refuge if a large earthquake occurs in the Nankai Trough region. The interseismic period data revealed the seafloor speeds resulting from the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate under the Amur plate. This helps us improve how our site works and ensures we offer you the best content. In the near future, changes in SDR over time and detection of SSE will be reported. The quake could produce massive tsunami waves, resulting in over 300,000 deaths and economic damage totaling 220 trillion yen ($2 trillion), according to a government estimate. The Asahi Shimbun An anticipated offshore mega-quake in the Nankai Trough within 30 years would generate tsunami at least 3 meters high smashing into dozens of municipalities along a … Since 2008, the GNSS-A measurement system has been mounted on the observation vessel permanently, with the acoustic transducer mounted on the hull and the GNSS antenna mounted on the top of the main mast, in order to improve the accuracy of the measurements. Your email address will not be published. In 1999, the likelihood of the occurrence of a great earthquake in the Tokai area in the period 2000-2010 was estimated to be in the range of 0.35–0.45. It is estimated that there will be at least 9,300 critically ill patients1 who need to be transported out of the affected areas. Given the assumption that the number of patients ... the government’s earthquake-preparedness program was based on an assumption that it would be possible to predict the so-called Tokai quake that could hit the Pacific side of central Japan. Info on Nankai Trough quake to be issued The new information is to come in 2 types -- emergency and regular. We use MailChimp as our marketing automation platform. Share: You can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, Your email address will not be published. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. along the Nankai Trough, not only in the Tokai region, as more than 70 years have passed since the last two Nankai Trough Earthquakes, the 1944 Showa Tonankai Earthquake and the 1946 Showa Nankai Earthquake (Figure 1). He has predicted that the catastrophic tremor in question would take place in Japan, the region of Nankai Trough near the Pacific coast, exactly at … Nankai Trough Earthquake : Risk in Tokyo Bay from future tsunami. An earthquake that is estimated to happen with in 30 years with a probability of 70% to 80% in the areas along the Nankai Trough, which stretches from Suruga Bay in Shizuoka Prefecture to the sea off Kyushu. These are generally referred to as Nankai Trough Earthquakes. Seafloor geodetic constraints on interplate coupling of the Nankai Trough megathrust zone. Currently, measurements are often taken using satellites or observations using a buoy known as an ARGO float. Damage predictions in Mie Prefecture, if the Nankai Trough Earthquake occurs, will be approximately 9,200 deaths caused by the earthquake and 42,000 deaths caused by tsunami. The sequence also revealed that inland earthquakes preceded great offshore earthquakes which occurred along the Nankai trough. And if it is in the Nankai Trough, it might be a huge quake." A mega-quake and tsunami are forecast along the Pacific coast near central to western Japan. Westend The committee calculated the possibility of tsunami as of Jan. 1, 2020, with reference to magnitude-8 or 9-class earthquakes along the Nankai Trough that had happened once in about 100 or 200 years. The 26% possibility means that an event is expected to happen once in 100 years, while 6% means that a tsunami is expected to occur once in 500 years, the committee said. The measurements are made from a survey vessel. The Nankai Trough extends from off the coast of central Japan to the southwest. T: +44 1453 827 934 A Nankai Trough earthquake is predicted to occur in Japan, causing catastrophic damage over a large area. This observation is not real-time or continuous. The committee calculated the possibility of tsunami as of Jan. 1, 2020, with reference to magnitude-8 or 9-class Our findings provide information for inferring megathrust earthquake scenarios and interpreting research on the Nankai Trough subduction zone. 320,000 casualties are predicted nationwide with 59,000 of them in Kyushu, of which 42,000 are expected to be in Miyazaki Prefecture. Seafloor geodetic constraints on interplate coupling of the Nankai Trough megathrust zone. We improved the tsunami simulation code JAGURS, which is a paralleled version of URSGA code for a large-scale, high-speed tsunami prediction in the Nankai trough, Japan. In 2012, the government released its estimates on the highest tsunami in case of a Nankai Trough earthquake. The tsunami probability on a regional basis, which was released Friday by the committee, shows that tsunami that destroy wooden houses could reach 71 municipalities in 10 prefectures, including Shizuoka, Kochi and Wakayama, with an “extremely high” possibility of 26% or higher. Suite 25 Westend Office Suites Yokota Y. Hana Prefectures off the Pacific Ocean are likely to be hit by earthquakes of magnitude 7 and 6. The committee calculated the possibility of tsunami as of Jan. 1, 2020, with reference to magnitude-8 or 9-class earthquakes along the Nankai Trough that had happened once in about 100 or 200 years. New damage estimates were released on Monday. Therefore, the speed of sound at each depth can be used to help create a profile of the sea water’s characteristics for research purposes. The model is quasistatic, two-dimensional, and has a displacement and velocity dependent constitutive law applied at the fault plane. Four phases and seven key tasks “Life-saving” phase Task 1 Disseminate timely information, and fully support evacuation from mega tsunami’s landfall in … AMDA Platform for Nankai Trough Earthquake Disaster Strategy The relationship probably results from elevated pore-fluid pressure (the pressure of the fluid contained in the gaps between the particles within the rocks) and a complicated fracture network. The observation systems The Nankai Trough earthquake is a type of megathrust earthquake anticipated to occur along the Nankai Trough off the Pacific coast. The northeasternmost part of the megathrust, segment E, has not ruptured since 1854. Required fields are marked *, Research Outreach A future great earthquake involving rupture along this and possibly other segments has been proposed as a major risk for the southern coast of Honshu. Do you think the prediction of large earthquakes and tsunamis in the region is going to be easier as a result of this new data? The probability of occurrence of the next Nankai Trough earthquake is very high. the seafloor transponders receive acoustic signals from the sea surface transducer and send them back, and the total travel time for the acoustic signal is measured. Dr Yokota and his team used their measurement techniques to calculate a sound speed profile roughly from the sea surface to the bottom in order to study the characteristics of the ocean water. Figure 1 illustrates the location of the Nankai Trough together with the epicenter of the 2011 earthquake and the resulting tsunami areas. By selecting any of the topic options below you are consenting to receive email communications from us about these topics. TOKYO (The Japan News/ANN) - According to Earthquake Research Committee seventy-one municipalities in 10 prefectures, on the Pacific coast could be hit by tsunami at least 3 meters high within 30 years if a huge earthquake happens in the Nankai Trough. They total 71 municipalities in 10 prefectures, including all coastal cities, towns and villages in Kochi Prefecture. Two high SDR zones were also identified in which there are no historical records of previous earthquakes. Research OUTREACH (111). Four phases and seven key tasks “Life-saving” phase Task 1 Disseminate timely information, and fully support evacuation from mega tsunami’s landfall in … Yukinobu Okamura, Masanobu Shishikura, New hypothesis to explain Quaternary forearc deformation and the variety of plate boundary earthquakes along the Suruga–Nankai Trough by oblique subduction of undulations on the Philippine Sea Plate, Earth, Planets and Space, 10.1186/s40623-020-01183-5, … The speed of sound in water increases with increasing water temperature, increasing salinity and increasing pressure (depth). More than 70 years have passed since the … While the government estimates there is a 70 to 80 percent chance of a magnitude 8 to 9 quake occurring along the Nankai Trough within the next 30 years, the survey underscores the increasing difficulty of precisely predicting the timing, location and strength of imminent quakes, based on observational data. A message on Twitter claimed: "This is no doubt evidence of a precursor to an earthquake. Although Nankai Trough Earthquakes occurred with a roughly 100 - 150 year cycle, they have various repetition intervals and source regions. Kanto Earthquake in 1923 and the Nankai Earthquake in 1946. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan has established a dense GNSS observation network called GEONET, which has detected interplate earthquake cycles and various slow-slip events on interplate boundaries. Dr Yokota, his team, and seniors have spent two decades developing a new approach to obtaining seafloor geodetic information for the entire region. Stonehouse The group’s plans for a continuous monitoring system will mean that ocean currents can be observed, contributing to the field of oceanography as well as earthquake sciences and predictions. The results of the calculation show that the probability become higher in areas with deeply indented coastlines. These are generally referred to as Nankai Trough Earthquakes. It is probably because 1 Introduction The earthquake prediction research is a typical Type 2 Basic Research. 00:01:31:17 DR MARYANNE DEMASI: Just 900km south of Japan's island of Honshu, the Nankai Trough lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire, where 90% of the world's earthquakes occur. GL10 3FA The reports stated that if a 9.0 earthquake occurred on the Nankai Trough… According to the committee, it estimated about 350,000 tsunami patterns that could be caused by the Nankai Trough earthquake. The positioning accuracy and frequency of the observations have been improved since the year 2000 and standards are among the highest globally. The fear is that 323,000 people could be killed in devastation that would be far worse than that caused in the 2011 quake that rocked the country Credit: AFP. In 2012, the government released its estimates on the highest tsunami in case of a Nankai Trough earthquake. In addition, the strong measures to be taken after the Tokai Earthquake prediction A major earthquake is expected to strike sometime along the Nankai Trough, a submarine trench running off the Japanese archipelago from around Shizuoka Prefecture in … Along the Nankai Trough, megathrust earthquakes with a magnitude 8 or more occur repeatedly. It is predicted that the quake will cause a massive tsunami that could devastate the extensive coastline along the Pacific Ocean, from Shizuoka to Miyazaki (throughout central to west Japan). It is estimated that the death toll will be over 300,000 and 2 million buildings will be damaged. We are able share your email address with third parties (such as Google, Facebook and Twitter) in order to send you promoted content which is tailored to your interests as outlined above. Nankai Trough, Japan." Its frequency is generally said every several hundred years. New technology for earthquake prediction: Nankai Trough, Japan Dr Yusuke Yokota and colleagues at the University of Tokyo are developing so-called GNSS-A technology, which combines satellite positioning technology (GNSS) and acoustic positioning technology (A) to create precise observations of the seafloor position. The detection of the SDR time change (or long-term slow slip event) will be reported in the very near future. Gradient field of undersea sound speed structure extracted from the GNSS-A oceanography, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.885139, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yusuke_Yokota4, http://sgoi.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/index_e.html, http://sgoi.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/figure/pamphlet_190724e.pdf, https://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/KOHO/chikaku/kaitei/sgs/datalist_e.html, https://researchoutreach.org/articles/new-technology-for-earthquake-prediction-nankai-trough-japan, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, Preventing aluminium oxide contamination of dental implant surfaces. Copyright © 2021 Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. The last Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes occurred in 1944 and 1946 respectively. Yokota, Y., Ishikawa, T., Watanabe, S. I., Tashiro, T., & Asada, A. Shortly after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, new reports were released which indicated the significant likelihood of another magnitude 9 earthquake occurring elsewhere in Japan, this time on the Nankai Trough. Japan coast Guard prefectures off the Pacific coast near central to western Japan. zones Japan. Oceanographers study ocean currents and flows of water using observations and computer models 5 meters high could reach total municipalities! Intervals and source regions since 1854 the ocean New technology for earthquake prediction Trough... Prefectures off the coast of central Japan to the study of the topic below! Case study which only show surface conditions salinity and increasing pressure ( depth ) velocity update and intergrid communication a! $ 2.3 trillion experts believe there is a 70 % to 80 % probability of a variety... Regions over the course of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami are forecast along the Nankai Trough earthquakes in! 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Degrees of urgency for tsunami that have a high possibility of occurring New...